Emission limits
- First regulation: Clean Air Act – 1980 in USA Limit: 80 gHC/m3 of product loaded
- EPA: 35 gHC/m3 of product loaded & locally 10 or 6 gHC/m3
- European Directive EC94/63:
Application fuels with RVP > 276 mbar: 35 gHC/m3 10 gHC/m3 Gothenburg Protocol - TA-Lulft 01 in Germany, LRV in Switzerland, NER in Netherland: 50 mg HC/ m3 of air emitted & 1mg / m3 for benzene
5. LEGISLATION
NB: Methane is excluded
difficult to recover, only destruction possible by combustion with secondary emissions
Energy versus emission level
| Emission in g/m3 | 35 | 10 | 1 | 0,05 |
| Energy Required in KW/h | 0,08 | 0,09 | 0,1 | 0,2 |
| g/m3 recovered | 1179 | 1194 | 1199,4 | 1199,916 |
| Delta rec. in g | — | 15 | 5,4 | 0,5 |
Energy consumption increases with lower emission requirements
Energy consumption difference between 1g/m3 and 0,15 g/m3 is 2x
Extra 0,5 gram recovered costs 0,1 kWh or 200kWh per kg
To make this energy we need to burn 75 x the equivalent as fuel in a power plant
Conclusion
The Environment does not profit from extreme low emission legislation (COx, NOx)